"The global community and particularly people living in industrialized societies have put unsustainable demands on our planet's limited resources," says Robert Engelman, president of the Worldwatch Institute, a global environmental research organization based on Washington DC, US. "If we expect to be able to feed, shelter and provide even basic living conditions to our growing population in years to come, we must act now to change."
The US has designated 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All. Broadening access to sustainable energy is essential to solving many of the world's challenges, including food production, security and poverty. "With so many hungry and poor in the world, addressing these issues is critical," says Danielle Nierenberg, director of the institute's Nourishing the Planet project. "Fortunately, the solutions to these problems can come from simple innovations and practices."
The Nourishing the Planet team recently travelled to 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and will be soon traveling to Latin America, to research and highlight such solutions. The project shines a spotlight on innovations in agriculture that can help alleviate hunger and poverty while also protecting the environment. These innovations are elaborated in its flagship annual report, State of the World 2011: Innovations that Nourish the Planet.
Hunger, poverty and climate change are issues that we can all help address. Here are 12 simple steps to go green in 2012. Though these refer to US models, the same considerations should drive South Africans to find new solutions.
Recycling programs exist in cities and towns, helping to save energy and protect the environment. In 2009, San Francisco became the first US city to require all homes and businesses to use recycling and composting collection programs. As a result, more than 75% of all material collected is being recycled, diverting 1.6 million tons from the landfills annually - double the weight of the Golden Gate Bridge. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, for each pound of aluminium recovered, Americans save the energy resources necessary to generate roughly 7.5 kilowatt-hours of electricity, enough to power a city the size of Pittsburgh for six years!
What you can do - Put a separate container next to your trashcan or printer, making it easier to recycle your bottles, cans and paper.
On the last Saturday in March - the 31st in 2012 - hundreds of people, businesses and governments around the world turn off their lights for an hour as part of Earth Hour, a movement to address climate change.
What you can do - Earth Hour happens only once a year, but you can make an impact every day by turning off lights during bright daylight, or whenever you will be away for an extended period.
In 2007, Australia became the first country to "ban the bulb," drastically reducing domestic usage of incandescent light bulbs. By late 2010, incandescent bulbs had been totally phased out, and, according to the country's environment minister, this simple move has made a big difference, cutting an estimated 4 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions by 2012. China also recently pledged to replace the 1 billion incandescent bulbs used in its government offices with more energy efficient models within five years.
What you can do - make the switch at home. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) use only 20-30% of the energy required by incandescent globes to create the same amount of light, and LEDs use only 10%, helping reduce both electric bills and carbon emissions.
The bottled water industry sold 8.8 billion gallons of water in 2010, generating nearly $11 billion in profits. Yet plastic water bottles create huge environmental problems. The energy required to produce and transport these bottles could fuel an estimated 1.5 million cars for a year, yet approximately 75% of water bottles are not recycled - they end up in landfills, litter roadsides, and pollute waterways and oceans. In addition, while public tap water is subject to strict safety regulations, the bottled water industry is not required to report testing results for its products. According to a study, 10 of the most popular brands of bottled water contain a wide range of pollutants, including pharmaceuticals, fertilizer residue, and arsenic.
What you can do - Fill up your glasses and reusable water bottles with water from the sink. By eliminating bottled water, you can help to keep nearly tons of bottles out of the landfill, as well as save money on water costs.
The US Department of Energy estimates that consumers can save up to 15% on heating and cooling bills, just by adjusting their thermostats. Turning down the heat by 5-8 degrees for eight hours can result in savings of 5-15% on your home heating bill.
What you can do - Turn down your thermostat when you leave for work, or use a programmable thermostat to control your heating settings.
Each year, roughly a third of all food produced for human consumption - approximately 1.3 billion tons - is lost or wasted, including 34 million tons in the US, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Grocery stores, bakeries and other food providers throw away tons of food daily that is perfectly edible but is cosmetically imperfect or has passed its expiration date. In response, food recovery programs run by homeless shelters or food banks collect this food and use it to provide meals for the hungry, helping to divert food away from landfills and into the bellies of people who need it most.
What you can do - Encourage your local restaurants and grocery stores to partner with food rescue organizations. Go through your cabinets and shelves and donate any non-perishable canned and dried foods that you will not be using to your nearest food bank or shelter.
"Small Business Saturday", falling between "Black Friday" and "Cyber Monday", was established in 2010 as a way to support small businesses during the busiest shopping time at the end of the year. Author and consumer advocate Michael Shuman argues that local small businesses are more sustainable because they are often more accountable for their actions, have smaller environmental footprints, and innovate to meet local conditions, providing models for others to learn from.
What you can do - Instead of relying exclusively on large supermarkets, consider farmers markets and local farms for your produce, eggs, dairy and meat. Food from these sources is usually fresher and more flavourful, and your money will be going directly to these food producers.
We all know that carpooling and using public transportation helps cut down on greenhouse gas emissions, as well as our gas bills. Now, cities across the US are investing in new mobility options that provide exercise and offer an alternative to being cramped in subways or buses. Chicago, Denver, Minneapolis and Washington, D.C. have major bike sharing programs that allow people to rent bikes for short-term use. Similar programs exist in other cities, and more are planned for places from Miami, Florida, to Madison, Wisconsin.
What you can do - If available, use your city's bike share program to run short errands or commute to work. Memberships are generally inexpensive (only $75 for the year in Washington, D.C.) and, by eliminating transportation costs, as well as a gym membership, you can save quite a bit of money! Even if without bike share programs, many cities and towns are incorporating bike lanes and trails, making it easier and safer to use your bike for transportation and recreation.
Car sharing programs spread from Europe to the US nearly 13 years ago and are increasingly popular, with US membership jumping 117% between 2007 and 2009. According to the University of California Transportation Center, each shared car replaces 15 personally owned vehicles and roughly 80% of more than 6000 car-sharing households surveyed across North America got rid of their cars after joining a sharing service. In 2009, car sharing was credited with reducing US carbon emissions by more than 482 000 tons. Innovative programs such as Chicago's I-GO are even introducing solar-powered cars to their fleets, making the impact of these programs even more eco-friendly.
What you can do - Join a car share program! As of July 2011, there were 26 such programs in the US, with more than 560 000 people sharing over 10 000 vehicles. Even if you don't want to get rid of your own car, using a shared car when traveling in a city can greatly reduce the challenges of finding parking (car share programs have their own designated spots), as well as your environmental impact as you run errands or commute to work.
Whether you live in a studio loft or a suburban mansion, growing your own vegetables is a simple way to bring fresh and nutritious food literally to your doorstep. Researchers at the FAO and the United Nations Development Programme estimate that 200 million city dwellers around the world are already growing and selling their own food, feeding some 800 million of their neighbours. Growing a garden doesn't have to take up a lot of space, and in light of high food prices and recent food safety scares, even a small plot can make a big impact on your diet and wallet.
What you can do - Plant some lettuce in a window box. Lettuce seeds are cheap and easy to find, and when planted in full sun, one window box can provide enough to make several salads worth throughout a season.
In addition, what better way to fertilize your garden than using your own composted organic waste? You will not only reduce costs by buying less fertilizer, but you will also help to cut down on food and other organic waste.
What you can do - if you are unsure about the right ways to compost, websites such as HowToCompost.org provide easy steps to reuse your organic waste
Livestock production accounts for about 18% of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions and accounts for about 23% of all global water used in agriculture. Yet global meat production has experienced a 20% growth rate since 2000 to meet the US per capita increase of meat consumption of about 42 kilograms.
What you can do - You don't have to become a vegetarian or vegan, but by simply cutting down on the amount of meat you consume can go a long way. Consider substituting one meal day with a vegetarian option. Moreover, if you are unable to think of how to substitute your meat-heavy diet, websites such as Meatless Monday and Eating Well offer numerous vegetarian recipes that are healthy for you and the environment.
